Overcoming cancer immunotherapy barriers via nanomaterial-mediated pyroptosis

pyroptosis-induced immunogenicity and bystander immune cell activation; and (3) highlighting unresolved challenges, including tumor-intrinsic pyroptosis resistance, nanoparticle biodistribution barriers, and cytokine storm risks. By integrating fundamental insights with translational perspectives, this work provides a strategic framework for developing pyroptosis-nanotechnology synergies to achieve precision immune modulation.