Metagenomics reveals the characteristics and potential spread of microbiomes and virulence factor genes in the dairy cattle production system

基因组 微生物群 毒力因子 毒力 生物 奶牛 基因 生物技术 微生物学 产奶量 乳品工业 遗传学 食品科学 动物科学
作者
Yimin Zhuang,Shuai Liu,Jianxin Xiao,Tianyu Chen,Duo Gao,Yiming Xu,Wen Jiang,Jingjun Wang,Guobin Hou,Sumin Li,Xinjie Zhao,Yanting Huang,Shangru Li,Siyuan Zhang,Mengmeng Li,Wei Wang,Shengli Li,Zhijun Cao
出处
期刊:Journal of Hazardous Materials [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:480: 136005-136005
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136005
摘要

Virulence factor genes (VFGs) pose a potential threat to ecological security and animal health, and have attracted increasing attention in the livestock industry. As one of the primary livestock types, dairy cattle may be an important source of VFG transmission. However, the distribution, transmission, and evolution of VFGs in the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding environment of dairy cattle remain unclear. In the present study, a total of 263 samples were collected from cows, calves, colostrum, farm wastewater, and soil. Metagenomics was conducted to analyze changes in the microbiome and VFGs characteristics in these ecological niches. The VFGs of the cows showed distinct differences between the rumen and feces, and were influenced by the region. The dominant VFG hosts was regulated by their microbial structure. Colostrum administration of cows increased VFG abundance in their newborn calf feces sharply and Enterobacteriaceae became the primary host. While diet was the primary driving force for the temporal variation in calf VFGs. For samples of the surrounding environment, water and soil had higher VFG concentrations and were more structurally stable. Moreover, extensive interactions between the mobile genetic elements and VFGs and gene mobile analysis map based on metagenomic binning both displayed the potential horizontal transfer ability of VFGs in the cows and environment. Our study revealed the prevalence, diffusion, and regulatory factors of VFGs in dairy cattle production systems, providing novel insights into reducing livestock VFGs and limiting their spread.
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