MOF-derived carbon and transition metals as high efficient electrocatalysts and active materials in energy storage devices: an introduction and review to it in recent studies

Based on being tunable porous of three-dimensional channels of MOFs, they have wide applications for the storage, separation, or conversion of molecules. This review gives an overview of the electrochemical investigations of the properties of various types of MOF-derived carbon and metals in different applications. Various synthesis routes to provide appropriate MOF-based materials as well as their performance and efficiency in ORR reaction and energy storage devices are discussed in detail. Preparing highly efficient transition metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) materials, especially Co–N–C or Fe–N–C is considered as an effective route to prepare high efficient ORR catalysts. Besides the application of MOFs as the electrode material, they also are employed as the precursor/templates to synthesize carbon- or transition-metal-based electrode materials because of their properties, such as organic ligands as the carbon sources and the metal centers as the metal sources. Furthermore, the morphology and the large porosity of MOFs can be useful for the preparation of porous derivates with favorable morphology.