Effects of psychotherapy interventions on anxiety and depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Various psychological interventions have been demonstrated to be effective at preventing anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. However, it remains unclear which intervention is the best option. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in symptomatic patients with GI cancer. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression levels. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data based on prespecified criteria, and evaluated the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Stata 14.0 was used to conduct network meta-analysis. Thirty-two RCTs (2453 patients) involving 9 psychological interventions were included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; mean difference [MD] = −4.98, 95% CI (−7.04, −2.93), relaxation therapy (MD = -4.39, 95% CI (−7.90, −0.88), reminiscence therapy (MD = −5.01, 95% CI (−8.20, −1.81)), and narrative nursing (MD = -4.89, 95% CI (−8.54, −1.23)) significantly reduced anxiety levels, and CBT (MD = -2.15, 95% CI (−4.28, −0.02), reminiscence therapy (MD = -7.20, 95% CI (−10.48, −3.91), and narrative nursing (MD = -7.20, 95% CI (−10.48, −3.91)) significantly reduced depression levels in patients with GI cancer compared with conventional nursing care. The findings of this network meta-analysis revealed that CBT, reminiscence therapy and narrative nursing can be actively considered as part of sequential therapy to reduce anxiety and depression levels in patients with GI cancer.