Dual-Mediated Roles of H+-ATPase in Alleviating the Phytotoxicity of Imazethapyr to Nontarget Wheat

The regulation solutions and mechanisms of reducing pesticide phytotoxicity to nontarget plants are not well-defined and detailed. Here, we have proposed a new detoxification strategy to control the toxic effects of herbicide imazethapyr (IM) induced in wheat seedlings from the perspective of the plasma membrane (PM) H + -ATPase. We found that the changes in PM H + -ATPase activity have a regulatory effect on the phytotoxic effects induced by IM in plants. Treatment with PM H + -ATPase activators restored the reduced auxin content and photosynthetic efficiency caused by IM, thereby promoting plant growth. Application of a PM H + -ATPase inhibitor further reduced phosphorus content and significantly increased 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2 H,1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H )one (DIMBOA) and jasmonic acid levels. These effects indicate that auxin and DIMBOA may regulate plant growth trends and detoxification effects mediated by PM H + -ATPase. This work opens a new strategy for regulating herbicide toxicity to nontarget plants from the PM H + -ATPase.