Evidential Reasoning Rule-Based Decision Support System for Predicting ICU Admission and In-Hospital Death of Trauma

We propose to employ evidential reasoning (ER) rule to construct a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to aid physicians to predict the probability of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital death for trauma patients once they arrive at a hospital. A generalized Bayesian rule is used to mine evidence from historical data. Evidence is profiled using a format of belief distribution, where the belief degrees of different trauma outcomes are assigned with derived probabilities linked to the corresponding outcomes. Inputs to the CDSS are clinical data of a patient, and output from the system is predicted belief degree of severe trauma, including ICU admission and in-hospital death. The inner logic of the CDSS is that pieces of evidence that match the clinical data of a patient are identified from the evidence base first, and then the ER rule-based evidence aggregation mechanism is utilized to combine the matched evidences to arrive at a prediction. The reliability, weight, and interdependence of clinical evidence are taken into account. Moreover, an evidence weight training module is constructed. The ER rule-based prediction model has superior performance compared with logistic regression and artificial neural network models. An innovative and pragmatic ER rule-based CDSS for trauma outcome prediction is contributed by this article. In the era of big data, this CDSS helps predict patient outcomes based on historical data and helps physicians in emergency departments make proper trauma management decisions.