A novel method for layer separation in waste crystalline silicon PV modules via combined low-temperature and thermal treatment

With the significant growth in the production and installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems, the recycling of end-of-life PV modules has become a critical concern. Thermal treatment is a promising approach to decompose all the polymer and separate different layers rapidly. However, the combustion of the backsheet can lead to the release of hazardous fluorinated compounds. This paper proposes a novel method combining low-temperature and thermal treatment to separate different layers in PV modules. This method leverages the back metallization of solar cells for PV module separation, providing a fresh separation perspective. The focus lies on investigating a low-temperature separation process, and the separation interfaces are characterized using SEM and EDS, shedding light on the separation position and physical separation mechanisms. Subsequently, the effects of different freezing temperatures, freezing times, and different laminated parts were investigated, and the processing parameters were optimized. Compared to direct thermal treatment, the proposed process eliminates the generation of hazardous fluorides and mitigates mass losses caused by thermal treatment effectively. This research provides valuable insights into the green and sustainable resource recovery of waste PV modules.