Interface modification effect on the performance of CsxFA1−xPbIyBr3−y perovskite solar cells fabricated by evaporation/spray-coating method

In this study, high quality CsxFA1−xPbIyBr3−y perovskite thin films were successfully fabricated by an evaporation/spray-coating hybrid deposition method. In this method, CsI and PbI2 were first deposited via thermal evaporation, and then FAI/FABr mixed solution was sprayed on the CsI/PbI2 substrate to form the CsxFA1−xPbIyBr3−y film. As confirmed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, a perovskite film with full surface coverage and small surface roughness was obtained. Then, the effect of interface modification materials on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was investigated: the devices with the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) interlayer incorporated via vacuum evaporation deposition between SnO2 and perovskite showed remarkably higher performance than those with the C60 interlayer, which was attributed to enhanced charge extraction and reduced recombination at the SnO2/PCBM/perovskite interface. As a result, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.21% was obtained for the 0.16 cm2 device. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest efficiency of CsxFA1−xPbIyBr3−y based PSCs fabricated by the spray technique. Furthermore, we fabricated mini-modules with the size of 5 × 5 cm2 and achieved a PCE of 14.7%.