Creating a new oilseed crop, pennycress, by combining key domestication traits using CRISPR genome editing

ABSTRACT Considerable offseason farmland lays fallow because there are few crops that can profitably fit between primary crops. To remedy, we employed CRISPR genome editing to the freeze-tolerant, rapid cycling wild Brassica, Thlaspi arvense L. (field pennycress). High-yielding domesticated pennycress varieties were created having seed compositions comparable to “double low” canola (low erucic acid and glucosinolate). Seed glucosinolate content was reduced 75 % by combining mutations in R2R3-MYB (MYB28) and bHLH MYC (MYC3) transcription factors. Pennycress weediness was greatly reduced by knockout of the bHLH transcription factor TRANSPARENT TESTA8 ( TT8 ), lowering seed dormancy and seed coat protections thereby mitigating pennycress re-emergence in fields. Domesticated pennycress offers farmers a profitable, low-carbon-intensity intermediate crop that confers ecosystem benefits while producing grain for renewable fuels and enhanced food security.