Propellants and explosives : thermochemical aspects of combustion

Preface. Preface to the Second Edition. 1 Foundations of Pyrodynamics. 1.1 Heat and Pressure. 1.2 Thermodynamics in a Flow Field. 1.3 Formation of Propulsive Forces. 1.4 Formation of Destructive Forces. 2 Thermochemistry of Combustion. 2.1 Generation of Heat Energy. 2.2 Adiabatic Flame Temperature. 2.3 Chemical Reaction. 2.4 Evaluation of Chemical Energy. 3 Combustion Wave Propagation. 3.1 Combustion Reactions. 3.2 Combustion Wave of a Premixed Gas. 3.3 Structures of Combustion Waves. 3.4 Ignition Reactions. 3.5 Combustion Waves of Energetic Materials. 4 Energetics of Propellants and Explosives. 4.1 Crystalline Materials. 4.2 Polymeric Materials. 4.3 Classification of Propellants and Explosives. 4.4 Formulation of Propellants. 4.5 Nitropolymer Propellants. 4.6 Composite Propellants. 4.7 Composite-Modified Double-Base Propellants. 4.8 Black Powder. 4.9 Formulation of Explosives. 5 Combustion of Crystalline and Polymeric Materials. 5.1 Combustion of Crystalline Materials. 5.2 Combustion of Polymeric Materials. 6 Combustion of Double-Base Propellants. 6.1 Combustion of NC-NG Propellants. 6.2 Combustion of NC-TMETN Propellants. 6.3 Combustion of Nitro-Azide Propellants. 6.4 Catalyzed Double-Base Propellants. 7 Combustion of Composite Propellants. 7.1 AP Composite Propellants. 7.2 Nitramine Composite Propellants. 7.3 AP-Nitramine Composite Propellants. 7.4 TAGN-GAP Composite Propellants. 7.5 AN-Azide Polymer Composite Propellants. 7.6 AP-GAP Composite Propellants. 7.7 ADN , HNF, and HNIW Composite Propellants. 8 Combustion of CMDB Propellants. 8.1 Characteristics of CMDB Propellants. 8.2 AP-CMDB Propellants. 8.3 Nitramine-CMDB Propellants. 8.4 Plateau Burning of Catalyzed HMX-CMDB Propellants. 9 Combustion of Explosives. 9.1 Detonation Characteristics. 9.2 Density and Detonation Velocity. 9.3 Critical Diameter. 9.4 Applications of Detonation Phenomena. 10 Formation of Energetic Pyrolants. 10.1 Differentiation of Propellants, Explosives, and Pyrolants. 10.2 Energetics of Pyrolants. 10.3 Energetics of Elements. 10.4 Selection Criteria of Chemicals. 10.5 Oxidizer Components. 10.6 Fuel Components. 10.7 Metal Azides. 11 Combustion Propagation of Pyrolants. 11.1 Physicochemical Structures of Combustion Waves. 11.2 Combustion of Metal Particles. 11.3 Black Powder. 11.4 Li-SF6 Pyrolants. 11.5 Zr Pyrolants. 11.6 Mg-Tf Pyrolants. 11.7 B-KNO3 Pyrolants. 11.8 Ti-KNO3 and Zr-KNO3 Pyrolants. 11.9 Metal-GAP Pyrolants. 11.10 Ti-C Pyrolants. 11.11 NaN3 Pyrolants. 11.12 GAP-AN Pyrolants. 11.13 Nitramine Pyrolants. 11.14 B-AP Pyrolants. 11.15 Friction Sensitivity of Pyrolants. 12 Emission from Combustion Products. 12.1 Fundamentals of Light Emission. 12.2 Light Emission from Flames. 12.3 Smoke Emission. 12.4 Smokeless Pyrolants. 12.5 Smoke Characteristics of Pyrolants. 12.6 Smoke and Flame Characteristics of Rocket Motors. 12.7 HCl Reduction from AP Propellants. 12.8 Reduction of Infrared Emission from Combustion Products. 13 Transient Combustion of Propellants and Pyrolants. 13.1 Ignition Transient. 13.2 Ignition for Combustion. 13.3 Erosive Burning Phenomena. 13.4 Combustion Instability. 13.5 Combustion under Acceleration. 13.6 Wired Propellant Burning. 14 Rocket Thrust Modulation. 14.1 Combustion Phenomena in a Rocket Motor. 14.2 Dual-Thrust Motor. 14.2.3 Dual-Grain Dual-Thrust Motor. 14.4 Erosive Burning in a Rocket Motor. 14.5 Nozzleless Rocket Motor. 14.6 Gas-Hybrid Rockets. 15 Ducted Rocket Propulsion. 15.1 Fundamentals of Ducted Rocket Propulsion. 15.2 Design Parameters of Ducted Rockets. 15.3 Performance Analysis of Ducted Rockets. 15.4 Principle of the Variable Fuel-Flow Ducted Rocket. 15.5 Energetics of Gas-Generating Pyrolants. 15.6 Combustion Tests for Ducted Rockets. Appendix A: List of Abbreviations of Energetic Materials. Appendix B: Mass and Heat Transfer in a Combustion Wave. B.1 Conservation Equations at a Steady State in a One-Dimensional Flow Field. B.2 Generalized Conservation Equations at a Steady-State in a Flow Field. Appendix C: Shock Wave Propagation in a Two-Dimensional Flow Field. C.1 Oblique Shock Wave. C.2 Expansion Wave. C.3 Diamond Shock Wave. Appendix D: Supersonic Air-Intake. D.1 Compression Characteristics of Diffusers. D.2 Air-Intake System. Appendix E: Measurements of Burning Rate and Combustion Wave Structure. Index.