Graphitization at interface between amorphous carbon and liquid gallium for fabricating large area graphene sheets

The authors have found that liquid gallium exhibits as a good graphitizing catalyst for a large area graphene sheet. While gallium and carbon are known to be an insoluble system, the authors have found that the catalytic reaction occurs at a very narrow interfacial region between amorphous carbon and liquid gallium. Amorphous carbon film was transformed into graphite layer composed of a few layers of graphene sheet. This thin graphene film can be easily transferred into silicon substrate through the intermediation of poly-dimethyl-siloxane rubber stamping.