Factors associated with early failure of peroral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) treats achalasia very effectively, but factors associated with early failure remain to be determined especially in European cohorts.All consecutive adult patients who underwent a first POEM to treat primary achalasia were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Early failure was defined by an Eckardt score (ES) > 3 at 3 months after POEM. When evaluating factors predictive of early failure, two cohorts were considered, of which one consisted of the total population for whom only basic variables were collected, and the other a cohort built for a case-control study that included matched early-failure and early-success patients (ratio 1:2).Among 746 patients, the early failure rate was 9.4%. Predictive factors were age ≤ 45 years (p = 0.019), achalasia of types I and III (p < 0.001), and the development of a severe complication during the procedure (p = 0.023). In the case-control study, the only additional independent risk factor for early failure was a high pre-POEM ES (p = 0.001). Only the retrosternal pain subscore was significantly associated with the early failure rate.The early failure rate of POEM used to treat primary achalasia is less than 10%. Younger age, type I/III achalasia, and a high pre-POEM ES were significantly associated with failure.