Lung Cancer Oncogene-Directed Therapy, Fertility, and Pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction

Alterations in the highly actionable lung cancer oncogenes, EGFR, ALK, and ROS1, occur across the age spectrum. Pregnancy and plans for motherhood consequently overlap with diagnoses of advanced oncogene-driven NSCLC. Guidelines for cytotoxic agents and pregnancy are well established. Nevertheless, accessible data on targeted lung cancer therapy during pregnancy or egg retrieval has not been collated previously, nor have the issues of reproduction in the setting of specific oncogene-addicted advanced NSCLC been widely discussed.

Methods

We performed a narrative review of ex vivo placenta perfusion studies, pharmacologic characteristics, mutagenicity, animal embryo-fetal development studies, and case reports of pathways to motherhood, pregnancies, and egg retrieval while on EGFR-, ALK-, or ROS1-targeted therapy.

Results

EGFR inhibitors may reduce female fertility while on therapy owing to decrease in corpora lutea. Odds of pregnancy in women on EGFR and ALK inhibitors may be reduced owing to potential increase in postimplantation loss found in animals. Crizotinib and entrectinib exhibit in vitro mutagenic potential. Several effects on human pregnancies have been noted; however, 11 EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor–exposed infants have been documented free of substantial adverse health effects by ages 4 months to 2 years. Successful gestational surrogacy has been reported in two women treated with crizotinib. Adoption and termination approaches have also been undertaken by some patients.

Conclusions

Reproduction may not be out of reach for some patients with advanced NSCLC. Additional explorations of the impact and optimal timing of targeted therapy in egg capture and pregnancy are needed. Wider scientific and societal discussion about the issues of reproduction in advanced NSCLC is warranted.