Objective To evaluate the effect of fluid resuscitation under the guidance of intrathoracic blood volume index(ITBVI) on the prognosis of septic shock patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods 65 septic shock patients with mechanical ventilation were divided into ITBVI group(experimental) and central venous pressure(CVP) group(control) randomly.The target value of ITBVI was ≥850 ml/m2 and that of CVP was ≥12 mmHg.The fluid intake of the first 5 days,time of mechanical ventilation,ICU length of stay were counted and the 28 day mortality was compared between two groups. Results The fluid intake of ITBVI group was significantly less than that of CVP group,(16 567±971) ml vs(19 072±1 232) ml(P0.05);time of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay were shorter than those of control group,(5.05±1.67)d vs(5.94±1.38) d(P0.05),(7.74±1.80) d vs(8.70±1.69) d(P0.05).There was no significant difference in 28 day mortality between two groups. Conclusion For the septic shock patients with mechanical ventilation,fluid resuscitation under the guidance of ITBVI can shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay.