Two new compounds of disphosphopentamolybdate (VI), (C6H18N2)2[H2P2Mo5O23] · 2(H2O) (1) and (C6H18N2)4.5H3[P2Mo5O23]2 · 6(H2O) (2), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with a = 11.0863(9) Å, b = 11.9562(9) Å, c = 14.2291(19) Å, α = 103.0410(10)°, β = 100.3530(10)°, γ = 103.7390(10)°, V = 1729.8(2) Å3, Z = 2; compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with a = 14.6440(13) Å, b = 15.9168(13) Å, c = 17.9795(13) Å, α = 80.4270(10)°, β = 86.1180(10)°, γ = 64.1890(10)°, V = 3720.1(5) Å3, Z = 2. Characterizations by elemental analysis, infrared analysis, and thermal analysis are also given. Formation of 1 and 2 indicates that pH of solution plays an important role during the synthesis.