Intrinsic subtalar ligaments are primary varus stabilizers of the subtalar joint: A 3D cadaveric motion analysis

Intrinsic ligaments primarily stabilize the subtalar joint and the tibio-talo-calcaneal complex against varus stress in dorsiflexion, whereas the CFL provides varus stability to both the ankle and the tibio-talo-calcaneal complex in neutral flexion. Sectioning of the CFL increases ATFL proximal-to-distal distance under varus and inversion stress, underscoring the importance of addressing the CFL in cases of combined ATFL and CFL injuries.