Development Dilemma of Litopenaeus vannamei Industry in China, Current Countermeasures Taken and Its Implications for the World Shrimp Aquaculture Industry

This study focuses on the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, exploring its development, dilemmas, and challenges in China’s industry alongside countermeasures implemented by Chinese authorities and agencies. Since its introduction to China in 1988, L. vannamei , known for its high economic value and adaptability, has become China’s leading mariculture shrimp species and one of the most significant globally. The thriving L. vannamei industry has boosted economic gains and job creation in China’s marine fisheries, supplied high-quality protein to consumers, and fostered socio-economic growth. Additionally, China’s experiences and lessons in the L. vannamei industry serve as valuable references for other shrimp-farming nations, promoting global industry health. Despite its success, the industry faces challenges, including germplasm resource scarcity, feed ingredient shortages, disease management, and wastewater treatment. To address these issues, China has initiated various strategies, including germplasm resource conservation, the development of low-fishmeal protein feeds, disease monitoring, and wastewater management, aiming for the industry’s green and sustainable evolution. This paper asserts that China’s initiatives in advancing the L. vannamei industry offer significant inspiration globally, particularly in two main areas: Firstly, through effective policy support, China has fostered research and development of new shrimp varieties suited to its aquaculture conditions, enhancing germplasm quality and breeding efficiency. Secondly, China has actively disseminated its innovations, outcomes, and experiences globally, hosting various aquaculture training sessions and seminars. These initiatives offer technical support and platforms for international dialogue, fostering cooperation and exchange among shrimp farming nations. Moreover, China’s dedication to advancing artificial culture technology for L. vannamei —through collaborative and continuous research across breeding, nutrition, disease management, and sustainability—has led to significant industry advancements. These contributions not only extend the industry chain but also position China as a leader and model for global shrimp aquaculture innovation. Through this study, we aim to offer insights and practical advice by analyzing the challenges and responses within China’s L. vannamei industry. We hope these findings will serve as valuable references for enhancing the global shrimp aquaculture industry and aid other nations in their aquaculture endeavors.