Euler-Euler numerical simulations of upward turbulent bubbly flows in vertical pipes with low-Reynolds-number model

In this work, numerical simulations of upward turbulent bubbly flows in vertical pipes are conducted in the Euler-Euler framework with a low-Reynolds-number (LRN) model for liquid. It is found that the existing correlation for the drag coefficient of a single bubble in a shear flow, which has been successfully used along with the high-Reynolds-number (HRN) models, cannot be used with the LRN model. The reason is that drag forces of bubbles calculated using such correlation are enormous in near-wall cells (order of [Formula: see text]), which causes a divergence of numerical simulations with LRN. Therefore, a modified correlation for the drag coefficient of a single bubble in shear flow, that can be used successfully with the LRN model, has been proposed. The results of numerical simulations, performed with a new correlation for the drag coefficient, are analysed and compared to selected experimental measurements for different pipe diameters and different flow conditions of gas and liquid. It is shown that the largest effect of the application of the new correlation for the drag coefficient of a single bubble in shear flow in numerical simulations can be achieved on the reduction of the relative velocity between gas and liquid. The degree of this reduction depends on the pipe diameter and liquid volumetric flux.