Review—Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for lithium-ion batteries: Measurement and analysis (for automotive applications)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a reliable tool for the electrochemical analysis of various types of electrochemical cells. It is commonly applied in research and development to deconvolute and quantify different electrochemical processes limiting the cell performance and to understand ageing phenomena in the cell. Due to its performance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is increasingly considered to be used on the system level in commercial applications of electrochemical cells. In this contribution, recent approaches to apply electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in automotive lithium-ion battery systems are reviewed. We will discuss advanced measurement, data analysis and modelling approaches that provide access to essential information of the battery´s state and show a potential to meet the requirements of automotive battery systems.