Antibacterial activity of Vitex trifolia methanol extract against pathogenic bacteria

Abstract Vitex trifolia (Legundi plants) is a plant that is widely used as an ingredient of traditional medicine in Lombok Island for a variety of microbial infections. In this study, a qualitative test of V. trifolia methanol extract was shown to contain secondary metabolites, such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. The inhibitory test of methanol extract of roots, stems and leaves of V. trifolia against pathogenic bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ) has been carried out. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design. The treatment factor was the concentration of methanol extract with 4 levels (C1 = 7.5%, C2 = 15%, C3 = 30%, C4 = 60%). The extraction method used was methanol maceration, and the well diffusion method was used in antibacterial activity assay. Data were analyzed by using Anova followed by DMRT test. Anova analysis results showed that differences in the concentration of methanol extract of leaf have a significant effect in inhibiting the growth of all tested bacteria. The DMRT showed that the best treatment was with 60% methanol extract. In this study, S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium to V. trifolia methanol extract, compared to other test bacteria. It can be concluded that the methanol extract of V. trifolia is an effective antibacterial source, especially against S. aureus .