Pharmacological Diversity of Triazole Scaffolds: A Review

Background: Heterocyclic compounds possess a wide variety of roles in most fields of science, such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, veterinary products, agrochemicals, etc. Triazole, a heterocycle compound, serves as a building block for various compounds having multiple applications, mostly in medicine. Triazole is a five-membered ring containing compounds that occur in nature, found in several microorganisms, fungi, and marine organisms. The triazole nucleus is a boon for researchers with significant scope in the long-term. Triazole derivatives possess various pharmacological properties due to their ability to exert several non-covalent interactions, which can improve the solubility and the ability to bind to bimolecular targets. Objective: We focused on the structure-activity relationship of triazole derivatives possessing various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, antitubercular, anticancer, etc. Results: This study revealed the significance of certain substituents on triazole nuclei for different biological activities. Conclusion: From this, we conclude that the triazole nucleus will be a lead for further research on drug discovery.