2D nanomaterials as electrochemical (bio)sensing transducers in the post-graphene era

This review centers upon two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials beyond graphene and their utilization in the development of novel electrochemical (bio)sensors and analytical devices. The text is organized in three main sections including the presentation of the most important families of 2D nanomaterials, an outline of "top-down" and hydro(solvo)thermal methods which are commonly employed for the production of 2D nanomaterials, and finally a detailed overview on the progress had been made the last three years on the use of 2D nanomaterials on the development of electrochemical (bio)sensors and analytical devices in water & food analysis, drug sensing, diabetes monitoring, cancer diagnostics, and virus sensing. Critical discussion on the effect of the 2D nanomaterials on various sensing buildups along with the perspectives of further improving the utility of 2D nanomaterials in (bio)sensing applications, in real world samples, are discussed.