The roles of lncMALAT1 in coronary artery disease regulation and therapeutic perspective: A systematic review

Coronary artery disease (CAD) accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and complications that threaten public health, necessitating a deeper understanding of its molecular regulators. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on long noncoding RNA (lncMALAT1), a critical indicator of CAD progression through the regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Analyzing 23 experimental studies (PRISMA-guided, PROSPERO-registered), we have identified key findings including MALAT1 modulation altered cardiac function, microstructure via miRNAs-mediated- pathways through in-vivo studies. In-vitro studies emphasized overexpression, knockdown, and combined both approaches. These studies investigated potential molecular targets and biological changes, while emphasizing miRNAs. Hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions were explored, revealing insights into apoptosis and cell viability. Innovations include mapping MALAT1's interaction networks across both in-vivo and in-vitro experimental CAD contexts. The findings synthesized the role of lncMALAT1 in CAD, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Future research should focus on standardizing experimental designs and elucidating precise mechanisms.