Summary Statement: Clinical BMP Programs

Three osteoinductive bone growth factors have proceeded sufficiently through preclinical studies to generate data from human trials. These osteoinductive factors include recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7/osteogenic protein-1, and a bovine extract from a mixture of bone morphogenetic proteins. Each program has its unique challenges with preclinical efficacy, safety, carrier, dose–concentration, and clinical trial design. This article compares and contrasts the programs as they pertain to the use of bone morphogenetic proteins for spine fusion.