Association of greenspace with hypertension in adult: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

ABSTRACTBackground Several studies have investigated the relationship of greenspace with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, but the results were inconsistent. We aimed to assess the relationship of greenspace with BP/hypertension.Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science on greenspace and BP/hypertension published before 5 April 2023. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated.Results Twenty-seven articles were included. Our results suggested that higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was associated with lower odds of hypertension and levels of SBP [for every 10% increase of NDVI 500-m and NDVI 1000-m, the ORs were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99), the ꞵwas -1.32 (95% CI: -2.18, -0.45) and -1.41 (95% CI: -2.57, -0.25), respectively].Conclusion This study indicated that higher exposure to greenspace might be associated with lower levels of BP and risk of hypertension. Increase green spaces should be regarded as an important public health intervention..KEYWORDS: Greennesshigh blood pressuremeta-analysissystematic review Author contributionsZLY and YWG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation. YJB, XYZ, and SXS: Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft. HXS and XYZ: Investigation, Data Curation. YJB and XYZ: Resources, Data Curation. YJB and HXS: Writing- Reviewing and Editing.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementData are available on request. We permit the sharing of data from this research article. All data published in this article are available on written request to authors.Ethics statementGiven this is a systematic review of available global evidence, patients who participated in the studies presented were not involved in the review process.Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2023.2259817.Additional informationFundingThis work is supported by Science and technology project of Henan Province (222102310176)