小泡
生物发生
生物
细胞生物学
免疫系统
微生物学
微生物
细菌
膜
化学
免疫学
生物化学
遗传学
基因
作者
Yong Gan,Gang Zhao,Zhicheng Wang,Xingcai Zhang,Maoxiong Wu,Min Liu
标识
DOI:10.1002/advs.202301357
摘要
Abstract Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms. However, recent studies have shown that these vesicles play essential roles in direct or indirect communications among microorganisms and between microorganisms and hosts. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the physiological functions and emerging applications of bacterial membrane vesicles, with a focus on their biogenesis, mechanisms of adsorption and invasion into host cells, immune stimulatory effects, and roles in the much‐concerned problem of bacterial resistance. Additionally, the potential applications of these vesicles as biomarkers, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery platforms are discussed.
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