Evaluation of urban–rural difference in breast cancer mortality among Chinese women during 1987–2021: A hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis

Breast cancer mortality varies in urban and rural areas in China. Studies have reported urban-rural difference across time period, however, the evaluation on urban-rural differences in age and birth cohort effects is limited. Our aim was to quantitatively assess urban-rural disparities in age, period and cohort effects in breast cancer mortality in China.