Surfactant-mediated preparation of fully waterborne robust superamphiphobic coatings for anti-icing

simple spray-coating, the resulting coatings exhibit hierarchical micro-/nanostructures and low surface energy. These features collectively endow the coatings with excellent static and dynamic repellency toward water and oils, robust mechanical durability, chemical resistance, thermal and UV stability, and anti-icing behavior. The coatings maintain performance across a range of substrates, offering a sustainable and scalable strategy for fabricating superamphiphobic surfaces with broad practical potential.