Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Glomus Jugulare Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) are benign paragangliomas of the jugular foramen. Traditional management of these tumors involves surgical resection; however, considering the proximity of these tumors to important neurovasculature, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may be an appropriate noninvasive treatment to consider. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate SRS as a treatment option for GJTs. An online search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed in March 2019 for articles on radiosurgery treatment of GJTs. The screening process followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The final analysis comprised 23 studies including 460 patients. Average rates of tinnitus, hearing loss, and lower cranial nerve deficit as presenting symptoms were 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46%–66%), 56% (95% CI, 44%–68%), and 42% (95% CI, 31%–54%), respectively. Overall clinical status improvement rate after treatment was 47% (95% CI, 37%–57%). Rates of tinnitus, hearing loss, and lower cranial nerve improvement after treatment were 54% (95% CI, 44%–63%), 28% (95% CI, 19%–40%), and 22% (95% CI, 11%–39%), respectively. The mean follow-up time across studies was 47 months (range, 4–268 months). The aggregate tumor control rate at the time of follow-up was 95% (95% CI, 93%–97%). The tumor control rate of 95% and 47% symptomatic improvement suggest that SRS may be a suitable treatment modality for these hypervascular skull base tumors. Future studies are warranted to further evaluate the potential role of SRS in management of GJTs.