A systematic analysis of pavement texture depth characterisation: comparison, connection and application

To improve the evaluation system for pavement texture depth, this paper systematically reviews existing texture characterisation methods and classifies commonly used indicators into statistical and multiscale categories. The interrelationships and differences between typical indicators are analysed, and the bidirectional correlation between the two categories is clarified. The application of texture indicators in pavement surface functions, such as skid resistance and rolling resistance, is also discussed. The results show that first-order statistical indicators have a favourable linear conversion relationship with multiscale methods. The root mean square (RMS) of texture amplitude acts as a key parameter connecting the two categories and serves as an important input for analytical rubber friction models and rolling resistance prediction. The findings provide theoretical support and technical references for the rapid automated detection and evaluation of pavement texture, as well as for pavement functional prediction.