Enhanced Skin Permeation and Pigmentation Reduction Effects of a Novel Tranexamic Acid‐Mandelic Acid Ion‐Pairing Complex

This study successfully formed a TXA-MA complex. Compared to TXA, the TXA-MA complex showed superior effects in skin permeability, inhibition of inflammatory marker expression, and actual skin pigmentation reduction. These results suggest that the TXA-MA complex holds greater potential as an effective cosmetic ingredient for pigmentation improvement than TXA alone.