Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) in Soldiers with Insomnia: A Pilot Study

Abstract : Purpose: 1. Test feasibility and acceptability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) for insomnia. 2. Evaluate extent of change in pre- and post-treatment sleep measures. Design: A double-blind randomized controlled, parallel design to compare the effect of CES to Sham. Methods: Subjects received 10 intervention sessions over a 2-week period (randomized to Active CES or Sham treatment) and completed 1-month follow-up surveys. Subjects completed questionnaires at baseline, immediately after treatment, and one month after treatment. Sleep diaries were recorded for 1 week prior to intervention, concurrently during the 2 weeks of intervention, and for 1 week at the 1-month follow-up.