A Descriptive Study on the Causes and Occurrences of Fracture Radius in the Distal Region For Patients Coming With Fracture Radius and the Treatment Given in Dr. Hardas Singh Orthopedic Hospital And Super Specialty Research Centre, Circular Road, Amritsar, Punjab

Background: Fracture wrist in distal region is one of the most common fractures encountered in the orthopedics department. They can be anything from 8-17% of all skeletal injuries. Abraham Colles is credited with a description of the most famous fracture pattern affecting the distal end radius in year 1814 and is classically named after him. The fracture of Colles is clearly described as a metaphyseal injury to the cortico-cancellular junction (within 2-3 cm of the articular surface) of the distal radius with characteristic dorsal tilting, dorsal shifting, radial tilting, radial shifting, supination and impaction. Smith's fractures, also referred to as Colles' reverse fracture, have a palmar inclination of the distal piece. Methodology: Study was done prospectively from Jan 2019 -Feb 2020. On all patients meeting the inclusion criterion. Inclusion requirements were as follows: (1) patients who consented to be a part of the study, (2) patients presented within 3 weeks of injury, (3) patients with mature skeletons, and (4) patients who had no other related fractures in the upper ipsilateral limb. Exclusion criterion -Patients with comorbid conditions that preclude surgery or with local tissue conditions that make surgery inadvisable were removed from surgery. Data Processing and Analysis -Data was collected on standard template created on MS office Excel sheets. Data analysis was done on SPSS while using the standard measures of central tendency, various measures of association, and running the standard test for association like Chi square test. A p value of less than .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Result: In our study we found males participants to be the majority (male n=34, 61.5%) while most of them were following Hindu religion, were from Rural region and were BPL families. Majority the study participants had their right hand involved while most of the trauma types. We saw that most of the participants were offered below elbow pop cast (45.5% n=25) followed by Close reduction. In our study RTA with involvement of Motor vehicle (bikes/car) was the most common cause (n=44, 80%) Conclusion: The most common cause of road traffic accidents is in young adults, where osteoporosis is common in elderly people because of falling on extended hands. Our study shows that extremely comminuted distal radius intra-articular fractures are normal and result from high velocity accidents such as collisions with motor vehicles.