Prussian Blue/Calcium Peroxide Nanocomposites-Mediated Tumor Cell Iron Mineralization for Treatment of Experimental Lung Adenocarcinoma

Current lung cancer diagnosis methods encounter delayed visual confirmation of tumor foci and low-resolution metrics in imaging findings, which delays the early treatment of tumors. Here, we developed a potent lung cancer imaging and treatment strategy centered around a nanotransformational concept of tumor iron mineralization in situ, which employs Prussian blue/calcium peroxide nanocomposites as a precursor. The resultant iron mineralization in tumor cells greatly facilitates the early and differential diagnosis of lung carcinoma from benign nodules via medical imaging, meanwhile introducing oxidative stress to activate the cellular apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, resulting in inhibition of the malignant behavior of tumor cells. Tumor-microenvironment-triggered iron mineralization enables integration of the detection and prevention of tumor metastasis at its early stages with no assistance of toxic drugs, which offers a potential solution for the precise management of lung cancer with ideal outcomes.