Saponarin, a Diglycosyl Flavone from the Ancestral Wheat Triticum monococcum , Is an Allelochemical Reducing the Survival of Cereal Aphids

survival in artificial feeding assays. Activity was aphid density-dependent, and systemic responses were limited to the leaf of the aphid feeding site, following 24 h of aphid herbivory. Bioassay-guided fractionation isolated saponarin, a diglycosyl flavone, as an allelochemical involved in this activity. Saponarin activity was similar to naringenin but unique compared to other plant flavonoids tested. Implications of these findings for effective aphid and virus management are discussed.