Ammonia autothermal reformer with air side-stream distribution for hydrogen production

Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing ammonia through its decomposition process for on-site hydrogen production, primarily due to technical problems in hydrogen generation and storage. As ammonia decomposition is an endothermic reaction, an external heat source is required to facilitate the reaction. To address this, an ammonia autothermal reforming process that directly integrates ammonia decomposition and oxidation using air as the source of oxygen within a single reactor vessel was proposed. This process eliminates the need for additional external heat sources and simplifies the process. The design of the reactor incorporates an air distribution structure that allows for achieving a specified temperature range for the desired reaction. Thermodynamic analysis of the autothermal system revealed that high feed temperature, high reaction temperature, and low pressure are the most beneficial conditions for generating a high yield of hydrogen. The proposed process was simulated to assess its feasibility using kinetic parameters obtained from experimental data in the literature [27]. An optimization problem to minimize the reactor length in designing the proposed reactor was developed. The reactor design produces a high yield of hydrogen while maintaining the reaction temperature within the desired range. Adjusting the air flow rate at distribution points along the reactor to maintain peak temperatures at predetermined levels was shown to provide good load flexibility for variations in ammonia flow rate.