Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Atlantoaxial Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Ligament Ossification, Joint Degeneration, and Muscle Fatty Infiltration

Age over 50 years, inter-atlanto-occipital ligament ossification, female sex, and uncovertebral joint degeneration are significant factors associated with atlantoaxial osteoarthritis. Severe fatty infiltration of the inferior oblique muscles may also be a potential risk factor. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may be prevented by prioritizing these risk factors.