Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology

1 Techniques for the Measurement of Electrode Processes at Temperatures Above 100 C.- Experimental Techniques.- Pressure Vessels and Liners.- Insulation and Sealing of Electrode Leads.- Metallized Ceramic Seals.- Compression Seals.- Line Seals.- Reference Electrodes.- High-Temperature Reference Electrodes.- External Reference Electrodes.- Application of High-Temperature Electrochemical Techniques.- Corrosion Studies.- Nonferrous Alloys.- Ferrous Materials.- Measurement of emf.- Measurement of pH.- Conductance Measurements.- Electrodeposition and Electrolysis.- Polarography.- Fuel Cells.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2 Surface- and Environment-Sensitive Mechanical Behavior.- The Nature of Crystal Surfaces.- Clean Surfaces.- Surface Structure.- Chemical Segregation at Free Surfaces.- Space-Charge Effects.- Summary.- Environmental Effects on Crystalline Solids with Clean Surfaces.- Metals.- Clean Metals in Electrolytes.- Adsorption of Surface-Active Species.- Gaseous Environments and Vacuum Effects.- Nonmetals.- Solvent Environments (Joffe Effect).- Effects of Surface-Active Species.- Effects of Solid Surface Films.- Nonmetals.- Metals.- Mechanism of Surface Barrier Effects.- Elastic Theory.- Atomistic Nature of the Film-Substrate Interface.- Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3 Mechanism and Phenomenology of Organic Inhibitors.- Mechanisms of the Action of Organic Inhibitors.- Adsorption.- Influence of Structural Parameters on Adsorption and Inhibition.- Action of Reduction, Polymerization, or Reaction Products.- Steric Effects.- Action of the Organic Cations.- The Role of the Metal in Inhibition.- Surface Charge of the Metal.- Cold Working.- Surface State.- Surface Treatments.- Purity of the Metal.- Hydrogen Penetration.- Methods of Studying Inhibitors.- Corrosion Rate Measurements.- Electrochemical Methods.- Radiochemical Methods.- IR and UV Spectroscopic Methods.- Mass Spectrometry and NMR Methods.- Other Methods.- Determination of Inhibitor Behavior vs Hydrogen Penetration.- Organic Inhibitors in Various Aggressive Environments.- Atmospheric Corrosion Inhibitors.- Inhibitors in the Steam Zone of Industrial Installations.- Inhibitors in Aqueous Solutions.- Inhibitors in Acid Solutions.- Inhibitors in Alkaline Solutions.- Inhibitors in a Nonaqueous Environment.- Summary.- References.- 4 Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum.- Short History.- Anodizing Processes of Current Importance and Interest.- Outline of Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum.- Scope of Anodizing Electrolytes and Their Characteristics.- Sulfuric Acid.- Oxalic Acid.- Chromic Acid.- Sulfamic Acid.- Phosphoric Acid.- Bright Anodizing.- Hard Anodizing.- Integral Color Anodizing.- Coloring by Dyestuffs and Pigments.- Special Anodizing Processes.- Anodizing in Molten Salts.- Anodizing in a Nonaqueous Solvent System.- Continuous and High-Current Anodizing.- Sealing.- Mechanism of Anodic Oxidation.- Stability and Corrosion of Aluminum (Pourbaix Diagram).- Classification of Anodic Films on Metal.- Chemical Composition of Anodic Oxide Films.- Barrier Film.- Duplex Film.- Theory of Dyeing Anodic Films.- Sealing Mechanism.- Properties of Anodic Oxide Films on Aluminum.- Corrosion Problems in Anodized Aluminum.- Acknowledgment.- References.