A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant GVAX and Cyclophosphamide Combined with Nivolumab and SBRT Followed by Surgery in Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

The addition of combined immunotherapy and SBRT was safe and feasible in this patient population. No difference was observed in the mean CD8 T-cell density between study patients and historic controls. These findings support the need for better characterization of how neoadjuvant immunotherapy may shift the phenotype of the PDAC TME.