Integrated physiological and metabolomic responses reveal mechanisms of Cd tolerance and detoxification in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) under Cd stress

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic trace element that occurs in large quantities in agricultural soils. The cultivation of industrial crops with high phytoremediation potential, such as kenaf, could effectively reduce soil Cd contamination, but the mechanisms of toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification remain unclear.