Impact of cation species and concentrations on the performance of N-type vertical OECTs

The influence of electrolyte ionic species and concentrations on the performance of vertical organic electrochemical transistors (vOECT) remains largely unexplored. Here, it is found that larger cations at higher concentrations enhance currents and speed due to reduced resistance, while intermediate concentrations maximize stability by mitigating side reactions and swelling. This work provides optimization methods for OECTs by simply adjusting the electrolyte content.