Effect of exercise on glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A review

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is known for its adverse effects on maternal and neonatal health. Physical exercise during pregnancy has been demonstrated to be useful for women without diabetes. However, it is unclear whether exercise can improve glycaemic control, and thereby prevents the unwanted effects of GDM. This review examines the evidence from recent literature, in which various exercise interventions were used to improve glycaemic control and the pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM. For this purpose, literature was searched through Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, and relevant studies published between 2009 and 2019 were retrieved. In total, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The findings collated consistently suggest that exercise in women with GDM is not only safe but also is strongly recommended, providing there are no other complications. Exercise for 15–30 min in low to moderate intensity improves glycaemic control and reduces maternal or neonatal complications. However, despite its reported benefits, it is advisable to perform exercises under supervision. In addition, certain intense exercises should be avoided as they can create complications for the mother and/or the foetus.