Illuminating informal communication in organizations – a scoping review

Purpose This scoping review aims to systematically analyze research literature on informal communication in organizations, addressing fragmented research by synthesizing definitions, identifying predictors, and assessing the effects of informal communication. Design/methodology/approach We conducted literature and citation searches across four databases and existing (systematic) reviews, identifying and analyzing 137 relevant research articles to explore informal communication’s characteristics, predictors, and effects. Findings The review reveals that informal communication is often spontaneous in nature, between two or more employees; it happens via diverse channels and covers work-related and non-work-related content. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors were identified as predictors of informal communication behavior. Effects range from positive (e.g. improved collaboration and information sharing) to mixed or negative impacts on organizational commitment, social relationships, and productivity. Practical implications Organizations can leverage insights into informal communication to better understand internal communication dynamics, potentially improving workplace interactions and organizational effectiveness. Originality/value This study is the first comprehensive literature review of informal communication research which systematically focuses on definitions, predictors, and effects of informal communication as a whole.