All-in-one core–shell AuPt@PtCu/luminol nanozyme for glow-type chemiluminescence detection of Staphylococcus aureus

. Furthermore, the immunosensor demonstrated high accuracy and precision in spiked clinical specimens (urine and serum), indicating its practical applicability in real biological matrices. Overall, the integrated AuPt@PtCu/Lum-based glow-type CL immunosensor presents a robust tool for bacterial detection, holding great promise for clinical applications.