Comparison of Effect of Navigation Versus No Navigation on Vertebral Body Screw Placement in Anterior Approach Surgery for Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

We evaluated the effects of using a navigation technique with anterior approach surgery for thoracolumbar burst fractures on vertebral body screw placement and discussed its effects on the long-term prognosis of patients. We performed a prospective study of patients who had undergone anterior approach thoracolumbar surgery from May 2018 to August 2019. The 40 patients were randomly divided into the navigation group (NG) and control group (CG). In the NG, vertebral body screw placement was performed with 2-dimensional navigation guidance. For the CG, no navigation guidance was used. The clinical and radiological evaluations of the 2 groups were compared preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at the final follow-up. Paired t tests and the χ2 test were used to evaluate the clinical and radiological indicators. No differences were found in the hospital stay, operation time, autologous blood recovery, postoperative drainage volume, Cobb angle of the preoperative coronal plane and sagittal plane, postoperative sagittal plane, postoperative Cobb angle of the coronal and sagittal planes measured on radiographs and computed tomography scans between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The correction of the kyphosis deformity of the fracture segment was better in both groups (P < 0.001). The intraoperative blood loss and Cobb angle of the postoperative coronal plane in the NG was less than that in the CG (P < 0.05). Also, the 4 vertebral body screws in the NG were more parallel to the endplate than were those in the CG. We found that the use of navigation can improve the accuracy of screw placement in anterior approach surgery for thoracolumbar burst fractures and improve patients' long-term prognosis.