Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology in Medicine

The main medicinal applications for nanomaterials are imaging and therapy that require targeted delivery. Nanodiagnostics is defined as the use of nanotechnology for state-of-the-art clinical diagnostic purposes to meet the demands of enhanced sensitivity and prognosis of disease in clinical diagnostics. There are two approaches used in the construction of nanopharmaceuticals: the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Biological therapy is defined as a type of treatment which employs our own organic capabilities as a source of drugs to treat various diseases. Biological therapies with humanized, chimeric, or human antibodies and in general fusion proteins modulate the immunosystem response to treat diseases. The success of gene delivery lies in decreasing the protein expressions that can cause harm to the host and down-regulation of genes that cause tumors and other side-effects.