Prospective Study of the Effectiveness of Percutaneous Transhepatic Photodynamic Therapy for Advanced Bile Duct Cancer and the Role of Intraductal Ultrasonography in Response Assessment

PDT using percutaneous cholangioscopy is safe and effective for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and seems to prolong survival. IDUS is useful for evaluating changes in the thickness of the tumor mass after PDT.