Optimizing and hyper-tuning machine learning models for the water absorption of eggshell and glass-based cementitious composite

Cementitious composites’ performance degrades in extreme conditions, making it more important to enhance its resilience. To further the adaptability of eco-friendly construction, waste materials are increasingly being repurposed. Cementitious composites deteriorate in both direct and indirect ways due to the facilitation of hostile ion transport by water. The effects of using eggshell and glass powder as partial substitutes for cement and sand in mortar on the water-absorption capacity were investigated using machine learning (ML) modeling techniques such as Gene Expression Programming (GEP) and Multi Expression Programming (MEP). To further assess the importance of inputs, sensitivity analysis and interaction research were carried out. The water absorption property of cementitious composites was precisely estimated by the generated ML models. It was noted that the MEP model, with an R 2 of 0.90, and the GEP model, with an R 2 of 0.88, accurately predicted results. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the absorption capacity of the mortar was most affected by the presence of eggshell powder, sand, and glass powder. GEP and MEP model’s significance lies in the fact that they offer one-of-a-kind mathematical formulas that can be applied to the prediction of features in another database. The mathematical models resulting from this study can help scientists and engineers rapidly assess, enhance, and rationalize mixture proportioning. The built models can theoretically compute the water absorption of cement mortar made from eggshell powder and glass powder based on varied input parameters, resulting in cost and time savings.