邻苯二甲酸盐
生物监测
尿
代谢物
背景(考古学)
化学
组内相关
暴露评估
二羟基化合物
毒理
环境化学
生理学
医学
双酚A
环境卫生
色谱法
生物
生物化学
再现性
古生物学
环氧树脂
有机化学
作者
Sori Mok,Jung Min Lim,Aram Lee,Sung-Min Kim,Sunmi Kim,Inae Lee,Younglim Kho,Jeongim Park,Sungkyoon Kim,Kyungho Choi,Hyo‐Bang Moon
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2022.112885
摘要
Urine was used as a part of a human biomonitoring study based on the excretion kinetics of less-persistent contaminants, such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA). Despite the advantages of being non-invasive and easy to collect, urine can show a large variability of concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA within a person depending on sampling time. Therefore, it is essential to assess the variability of urinary concentrations for comprehensive sampling design in the context of exposure and risk assessments. In this study, 18 phthalate metabolites and eight BPs were measured in all spot urine (n = 401) collected from 12 participants for seven consecutive days to evaluate within- and between-person variabilities. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all spot urines were poor for monomethyl phthalate (ICC: 0.002) and BPA (0.121) but were moderate for monoethyl phthalate (0.514) and monobenzyl phthalate (0.462). Based on the results of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, the half-life and differences in metabolic capability seem to affect the ICCs. Urinary mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), a primary metabolite of DEHP, was suggested as a short-term exposure marker of DEHP in our study. Creatinine- and specific gravity-adjusted concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPs resulted in increased ICCs, implying requirements for randomly collected spot urine. Most analytes in the first morning voids (FMVs) were correlated significantly with those in the daily composites, suggesting the feasibility of FMVs to estimate the daily exposure dose. This study facilitates a more comprehensive sampling design and data interpretation strategy for human biomonitoring studies.
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