DNA Nanotechnology‐Empowered Live Cell Measurements

The systematic analysis and precise manipulation of a variety of biomolecules should lead to unprecedented findings in fundamental biology. However, conventional technology cannot meet the current requirements. Despite this, there has been progress as DNA nanotechnology has evolved to generate DNA nanostructures and circuits over the past four decades. Many potential applications of DNA nanotechnology for live cell measurements have begun to emerge owing to the biocompatibility, nanometer addressability, and stimulus responsiveness of DNA. In this review, the DNA nanotechnology-empowered live cell measurements which are currently available are summarized. The stability of the DNA nanostructures, in a cellular microenvironment, which is crucial for accomplishing precise live cell measurements, is first summarized. Thereafter, measurements in the extracellular and intracellular microenvironment, in live cells, are introduced. Finally, the challenges that are innate to, and the further developments that are possible in this nascent field are discussed.